Seneca info: Myths of the Cherokee, by James Mooney: the Iroquois Wars, Hiadeoni, The Seneca, Escape Of The Seneca Boys, The Seneca Peacemaker.

• At least 90% of Tennessee's known human archaeological "resources" are prehistoric and culturally unidentifiable, ie, existing tribes -- all displaced from Tennessee in the 1830s -- have no known connection to pre-Mississippian remains. ("By the 18th century, the only native peoples living permanently in Tennessee were the Cherokee." *) Given known migration patterns and the commonality of artifacts with geographically distant tribes, the tribes of the Mississippian Period (800 - 1600 CE) and "historic" (european) period (1600 - present) which are most closely associated with this territory today are probably -not- the descendants of the indigenous people who lived here in the Paleo (40,000 - 10,000 BCE), Archaic (10,000 - 1000 BCE) and Woodland (1,000 BCE - 800 CE) periods. (See the University of Tennessee at Knoxville's McClung Museum's archaeology website for more info.)

• Given the continued presence of Siouan language tribes (federally-recognized) in the Southeastern United States, including the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina, the Saponi and Tutelo of Virginia and North Carolina, and the (Tunica-) Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana, possibly the Yuchi, and the now extinct Ofo tribe, both of the Lower Mississippi Valley, and assuming the migration of Native Americans from South to North, given the strong supporting data of artifacts, linguistics and recent genetic data (see Charles Hudson, The Southeastern Indians (U of TN 1976) pp 56, 62, 80, 82, 88, 94-95, 510, 514), it is reasonable to believe that the Northern Siouan language tribes -- the Hochunk, Dakota, Lakota, Nakota, Crow, Mandan and Hidatsa, Ponca, Iowa, Missouri and Oto -- had lived in and passed through the Tennessee area in pre-colonial times, ie, prior to the year 1400. This would place the ancestors of these related Siouan-language tribes in the Southeastern United States and would argue their inclusion among the culturally-affiliated tribes of Tennessee.
  (Note: No historical data or artifacts support the hypothesis that Southeastern tribes, with the exception of the Cherokee, emigrated from the North to the South, or West to East, in keeping with the twentieth-century Bering-Strait theory. The first record of "Sioux" migration dates from the French-Canadian explorers and Jesuits in 1640, in Minnesota, moving east to west and north to south. The Hochunk ("Winnebago") of Wisconsin are considered the "old speakers" of Siouan -- ""people of the parent speech" referring to their role as "grandfathers," the original people from which other Siouan-speaking tribes sprang"*. The Lakota term for wolf, shunk-manitu, with its borrowing of the Anishinabe term 'manitu'/sacred, suggests a later introduction of the northern wolf into the vocabulary of a south-to-north travelling Siouan people.)

  current siouan-language nations' name (grouped)

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  1. Catawba Indian Nation (aka Catawba Tribe of South Carolina)
  2. Tunica-Biloxi Indian Tribe of Louisiana
  3. Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians, Oklahoma

  4. Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota
  5. Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation, South Dakota
  6. Lower Sioux Indian Community of Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the Lower Sioux Reservation in Minnesota
  7. Oglala Sioux Tribe of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota
  8. Prairie Island Indian Community of Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the Prairie Island Reservation, Minnesota
  9. Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the Rosebud Indian Reservation, South Dakota
  10. Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation of Nebraska
  11. Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota (Prior Lake)
  12. Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota
  13. Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota (formerly known as the Devils Lake Sioux Tribe)
  14. Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South Dakota
  15. Upper Sioux Indian Community of the Upper Sioux Reservation, Minnesota
  16. Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota

  17. Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly known as the Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe)
  18. Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska

  19. Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma
  20. Ponca Tribe of Nebraska
  21. Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota